Decreasing speed, by reducing engine power or pitching up.

Range = 1.23(√H1 + √H2)

= 1.23 * √32000

= 220 nm

Radiation fog forms on cloudless nights with only very light winds and high relative humidity when the cold ground cools the air above it to its dew point causing condensation (fog).

Usually occurs inland in valleys and low lying areas (as these areas tend to have more moisture) and usually occurs in a high pressure system.

For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.

1. Unload. Make sure you are no longer 'pulling G's'

2. Roll wings level

3. Power Reduce the power to avoid overspeeding.

4. gently pull back on the control wheel to ease out of the dive.

When slowed down to a safe airspeed apply throttle as needed.

(N.b.: Do not confuse a spiral dive with a spin)

No, because if your critical engine fails at V1 you have to continue your takeoff roll, but because you’re under VMCG you are unable to maintain directional control.

OM = DOM + crew and fuel

Basic Empty Mass (BEM) is the mass of the aircraft with the basic equipment, unconsumable fluids and unusable fuel and oil.

Yes.

There are permanent jet streams in the...

A wing stalls because the airflow over the wing’s upper surface separates when the critical angle of attack is reached or exceeded. This causes a reduction in the lift generated by the aerofoil