Flying at Vmd. At this speed the aircraft is flying at the maximum ratio of Lift and Drag, maximizing the potential energy consumption in terms of distance travelled.

An aerofoil is a body shaped to produce an aerodynamic reaction (lift) perpendicular to its direction of motion, for a small resistance (drag) force in that plane. It achieves this by accelerating the flow passing over it, and decelerating the flow passing under it. This change in velocity causes a change in pressure, which in turn generates lift.

To notify the crew of the aircraft of a particular position on the IAP.

Locators have been largely replaced with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), but they can sometimes be found associated with Outer or Middle Markers where they are referred to as Locator Outer Marker (LOM) or Locator Middle Marker (LMM).

They provide at least 1000ft clearance over obstacles within 25NM of the homing facility.

A Mach trimmer automatically compensates for Mach tuck above Mcrit.

Radiation fog forms on cloudless nights with only very light winds and high relative humidity when the cold ground cools the air above it to its dew point causing condensation (fog).

Usually occurs inland in valleys and low lying areas (as these areas tend to have more moisture) and usually occurs in a high pressure system.

Yes.

There are permanent jet streams in the...

For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.

Carb icing can occur with temperatures as high 30°C and humidity as low as 50%, but it is more likely when below 20°C and high humidity, especially during low power settings.

At the wing root. This is a property of rectangular wings, but it's also common to find close to the wing root devices that make it so that the wing root stalls first.